Comment · Thu, April 14, 2016
Which universities is Ceretropic partnering with and what research is being pursued?
Original post in this thread
narlsnarly · 4 points
Which universities is Ceretropic partnering with and what research is being pursued?
What they were answering
rmcfar11 · 1 points
Here's the abstract for that one specifically (it was actually analgesia they compared to nootropic effect, rather than stim).
Link - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11055-012-9562-6
I'll try to get you the other articles Friday. I have my last Physics exam in the AM I'm studying for.
Edit: I don't mind the stimulating effects, they are pleasant I'll call it. The nootropic effects of Semax are one of a kind for me personally, though. The acetyl version is stronger for sure, but it seemed like it lost some potency for the nootropic effect or just overpowered it? I'm going to try it soon at twice the dose I've tried in the past and see what that does.
u/MisterYouAreSoDumb
The Nootropic and Analgesic Effects of Semax Given via Different Routes
Quoting for others reading:
The nootropic effects of Semax were studied in a test based on the acquisition of a conditioned passive avoidance reaction to pain stimulation. Pain sensitivity was assessed in a hindpaw compression test. The results showed that i.p. Semax had nootropic and analgesic actions. Dose-response characteristics were different for these different effects. Intranasal Semax was more effective in improving learning in animals than i.p. Semax but had no effect on pain sensitivity. Our results provide evidence that different mechanisms and brain structures are involved in mediating the nootropic and analgesic effects of Semax.
The experiments showed that i.p. Semax at doses of 15 and 50 μ g/kg 15 min before training led to improved learning by rats in the CPAR test. Animals given Semax at these doses showed significant increases in the LP of transfer to the dark sector of the experimental chamber on testing skill retention (p < 0.05). Decreases and increases in the dose led to loss of this effect (Fig. 1). On intranasal administration, significant improvement in learning measures were seen in the animals in the groups given Semax at doses of 1.5, 5, and 50 μ g/kg (p < 0.05). Administration of this peptide at a dose of 500 μ g/kg was ineffective.
It's interesting that the effects are lost over a certain dosage.
Studies of the relationship between the nootropic action of Semax and dose showed that this relationship was bell-shaped. A ten-fold increase in the effective doses via the two routes did not lead to effect reversal. Comparison of the nootropic effect of Semax given by different routes evidenced greater efficacy when the peptide was given intranasally than when given i.p.
The different results obtained using different routes of administration for Semax may be associated with the fact that intranasal and i.p. administration lead to delivery of the peptide mainly to different parts of the brain. On systemic administration, substances can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach areas of the brain with the general circulation. Semax given i.v. has been shown to penetrate into the brain [23]. The intranasal route is now regarded by many investigators as an alternative route for substances to reach the CNS, bypassing the systemic circulation and BBB [15, 26]. Many physiologically active substances have been to mainly reach the brain after intranasal administration as compared with systemic [15]. Although the mechanisms delivering substances from the nasal cavity to the brain remain incompletely understood, several pathways for the transport of substances into the CNS have been identified. The first consists of intracellular axonal transport via the olfactory nerve. However, this transport involves large periods of time, as substances must pass along the olfactory nerve to reach the olfactory bulb and CNS. In addition, there is a great risk of degradation of peptides by the actions of lysosomal proteolytic enzymes. The second pathway is via the supporting epithelial cells, which can also transport lipophilic substances by means of endocytosis or passive diffusion. The third pathway consists of extraneuronal transport along the olfactory nerve, such that peptide molecules can be transported directly into nerve tissue via the intercellular spaces through gap junctions between supporting cells and olfactory neurons.