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The densest explanations in the public record — mechanisms, lab methods, and the literature-era write-ups — not the shortest or loudest comments. Start here, then pick a shelf.

Start here · Comment · r/Drugs · Nov 8, 2012

Research Suggests no Neurotoxicity in MDMA

The MDMA body-temperature write-up — papers, mechanisms, and a hard practical rule.

I'm going to copy what I wrote on another thread:

_____________________________________________________

YES! Keep your damn body temperatures down people!

http://www.maps.org/publications/1998_malberg_1.pdf

http://www.springerlink.com/content/5v50nu221g91km35/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21924843

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/270/2/752.short

http://www.maps.org/publications/1998_scheffel_1.pdf

http://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/Abstract/1999/11260/_alpha__Lipoic_acid_prevents.39.aspx

Very simply, MDMA induced neurotoxicity arises from oxidation of various substances in the brain. There is great debate of which substances are to blame. One theory is that a hepatic metabolite of MDMA, being uptaked into the serotonin axon, gets oxidized into damaging hydroxyl radicals. Another theory is that dopamine is the substance to blame for the oxidation. Another theory is that MDMA itself is reuptaked into the axon, being broken down by MAO-B. More likely is that it is a combination of substances being oxidized into harmful hydroxyl radicals. What is the common denominator for all evidence to MDMA's neurotoxicity? BODY TEMPERATURE! When your body temperature rises, you body's natural process for preventing oxidative stress (antioxidants) becomes less efficient. That lowering of efficiency is exponential. The higher your body temperature gets, the faster reactiv

5973 min read

Start here

Post · r/DrugNerds · Dec 29, 2012

MDMA Supplementation

Long-form MDMA supplementation notes from the DrugNerds years.

Ok, I did promise that I would make another post regarding supplementation to mitigate MDMA induced neurotoxicity. I have just been putting it off. Since my last post, I have gathered more information regarding my theory about MDA metabolism being the main cause of MDMA's neurotoxic effects. I will try to not get into that in this post, and keep this mostly about supplementation. As seems to be the norm with me, this

2057 min

Post · r/Nootropics · Jan 17, 2013

Allometric Scaling of Doses Between Species

Allometric dose scaling between species — still the cleanest explainer in the archive.

I am making this post because I constantly see people making comments that certain substances were given in much higher doses to animals than would be normally ingested by humans. Sometimes that is the case, due to a study's goal of ensuring that certain toxicities can be observed. However, the dosages are NEVER directly related to humans. You cannot take a study that gave 100mg/kg of a substance to rats, then quote

171 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jun 6, 2026

Concerns about Cistanche Supercritical Extract & Steroidogenesis: Does Acteoside/Verbascoside actually drop Testosterone? (Looking at this 2015 study)

Acteoside/echinacoside as large polar glycosides: why absorption is the whole argument.

No, and most people are missing a massive fundamental point in the bioactives. Acteoside and echinacoside are both large, polar, heavily glycosylated molecules (~624 Da and ~786 Da respectively) with multiple sugar units. They are glycosides that are too large to absorb into the body intact, just like most glycosides found in nature. Acteoside's Caco-2 intestinal absorption is measured at only 0.46–0.70% as an intact

223 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jul 2, 2020

Immune Defense & positive blood test results

Tongkat ali beyond testosterone — leptin, immune signaling, and a full chain of reasoning.

That's an interesting question. So buckle up, as I imagine this is going to be a long one. So many people know that tongkat ali increases testosterone. However, that is only part of the story. The other big part of the story is leptin. So leptin is a hormone in the body that control hunger and body fat. Obese people actually have a decreased sensitivity to leptin. Tongkat ali decreases leptin levels while increasing

106 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · May 18, 2024

u/MisterYouAreSoDumb asked me to post the Lab Testing COAs I received from Bulk Supplements (Below)

How a nitrogen assay on an amino-acid COA is the same trick as melamine in infant formula.

That's about what I expected. These are just internal COAs. To start, analyzing nitrogen content is not an appropriate methodology for amino acid assay. This is the same shit China got away with on infant formula and spiking melamine. They used melamine to fool the nitrogen testing to make the protein content seem higher. The basic testing for protein was a simple nitrogen assay, which the Chinese figured out you cou

995 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Oct 17, 2024

petition for ND to change the filler 'maltodextrin' to something else

Maltodextrin as a spray-drying carrier, not a ‘filler’ — formulation literacy.

We almost never use maltodextrin in our formulations. We purposely avoid it, not because of compelling science, but because it is just easier to agree and move on than fight that fight. However, what most consumers don't realize is that maltodextrin is the most common spray drying carrier for raw materials. It's in a lot of raw materials that all other supplement brands use. We force all our suppliers to disclose all

684 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · Jul 18, 2019

Testing Your Supplements

What ‘third-party tested’ actually requires, and why most badges are theater.

That depends on what you are looking to get. Proper analytical testing is HARD. It's infinitely harder than anyone here thinks. We've even stopped using multiple well-known labs that many others use because their data was either faulty, fake, or poorly acquired. I've caught multiple instances from multiple labs giving completely fabricated data. So even getting a lab to test something doesn't always mean you are gett

178 min

Lab work & COAs

Independent assays, fake certificates, and the difference between a badge and a method.

Post · r/NootropicsDepot · Jun 11, 2022

Lab Testing Results Of Turkesterone, Beta Ecdysterone, and Gorilla Mind Sigma

Turkesterone / ecdysterone industry-wide lab dump — the post that moved a market.

Okay, so I am finally getting around to make a post about the results of some of the lab testing we have been doing. I've had the results for a bit, but I've been holding off on officially releasing them because frankly it stresses me out these days. It's the same song and dance every time, and it is one I have been doing for a decade now. I release results showing other products are not what they claim, then people

86618 min

Post · r/Nootropics · Jul 18, 2023

Independent Lab Testing Results Of Supplements On The Market

Independent lab testing of products on the market, with methods and numbers.

Hey everyone, it's been a while since I have made a post in this sub. However, I saw a new research study today that I wanted to bring up. It highlights why my main mission over the past 10 years has been to not only advance the lab testing and quality control standards of the industry, but also to educate consumers on what to look out for, and how things work in the background. We are all ingesting these products! W

4028 min

Post · r/Nootropics · Sep 18, 2013

Cerebral Health Pyritinol Test Results (WARNING)

Cerebral Health pyritinol — a public warning with the chromatograms attached.

Many of you may remember the issue that came up with Cerebral Health/Bioscience Nutraceuticals a few months ago, where their choline bitartrate was numbing people's mouths. After sending those samples in to the lab, the tests came back negative for choline bitartrate. We suspected it was choline salacylate, but decided further testing to ascertain the exact compound would not be worth the cost. Unfortunately that was

4913 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · May 18, 2024

u/MisterYouAreSoDumb asked me to post the Lab Testing COAs I received from Bulk Supplements (Below)

Nitrogen content is not an amino-acid assay.

That's about what I expected. These are just internal COAs. To start, analyzing nitrogen content is not an appropriate methodology for amino acid assay. This is the same shit China got away with on infant formula and spiking melamine. They used melamine to fool the nitrogen testing to make the protein content seem higher. The basic testing for protein was a simple nitrogen assay, which the Chinese figured out you cou

995 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · Jul 18, 2019

Testing Your Supplements

How to tell a real lab from a marketing lab.

That depends on what you are looking to get. Proper analytical testing is HARD. It's infinitely harder than anyone here thinks. We've even stopped using multiple well-known labs that many others use because their data was either faulty, fake, or poorly acquired. I've caught multiple instances from multiple labs giving completely fabricated data. So even getting a lab to test something doesn't always mean you are gett

178 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · Sep 6, 2017

Absorb Health responds to criticisms

Are you daft? I posted the 3rd party COA of the exact product you asked for (SR9009). You are deflecting yet again. We have plenty of 3rd party COAs going back years, along with doing a lot of in-house testing. I do not have time to sit here with you trying to deflect your issues back onto me. >These are not manufacturer's COA's but a 3rd party lab's. They are sent out by your manufacturer. You are not getting the ra

256 min

Mechanisms

The long replies where he actually walks the chemistry instead of waving at a study title.

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jun 6, 2026

Concerns about Cistanche Supercritical Extract & Steroidogenesis: Does Acteoside/Verbascoside actually drop Testosterone? (Looking at this 2015 study)

Glycoside size, polarity, and what ‘standardized to acteoside’ can and cannot mean.

No, and most people are missing a massive fundamental point in the bioactives. Acteoside and echinacoside are both large, polar, heavily glycosylated molecules (~624 Da and ~786 Da respectively) with multiple sugar units. They are glycosides that are too large to absorb into the body intact, just like most glycosides found in nature. Acteoside's Caco-2 intestinal absorption is measured at only 0.46–0.70% as an intact

223 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jul 2, 2020

Immune Defense & positive blood test results

Tongkat, leptin, and why ‘it raises test’ is a truncated story.

That's an interesting question. So buckle up, as I imagine this is going to be a long one. So many people know that tongkat ali increases testosterone. However, that is only part of the story. The other big part of the story is leptin. So leptin is a hormone in the body that control hunger and body fat. Obese people actually have a decreased sensitivity to leptin. Tongkat ali decreases leptin levels while increasing

106 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Oct 17, 2024

petition for ND to change the filler 'maltodextrin' to something else

Spray-dried extracts and the maltodextrin fight nobody wanted.

We almost never use maltodextrin in our formulations. We purposely avoid it, not because of compelling science, but because it is just easier to agree and move on than fight that fight. However, what most consumers don't realize is that maltodextrin is the most common spray drying carrier for raw materials. It's in a lot of raw materials that all other supplement brands use. We force all our suppliers to disclose all

684 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Aug 11, 2026

Cistamax + Eurycomax

Cistamax + Eurycomax designed as non-overlapping hormonal pathways.

We designed them to work together, and I always try to get people to combine them for best effects. Cistamax and Eurycomax act as a highly effective hormonal and performance stack because they target testosterone production, energy, and recovery through completely non-overlapping and synergistic biological pathways. While Eurycomax primarily works by optimizing the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis and preven

94 min

Post · r/Nootropics · Feb 28, 2013

Reddit Placebo Blinded Racetam Study

Well the time has finally come. My curiosity has finally expanded to real world effectiveness, not just pharmacological mechanisms. We are all aware of the countless anecdotes for the various nootropics out there. Many of us have based our decisions on the validity and accuracy of those anecdotes. But how do we know that the effects stated in those anecdotes are due to the racetams and not the placebo effect? How do

1215 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jun 6, 2020

⚠️ New Product Alert ⚠️ Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Enteric Coated Tablets | 125mg

Okay, so you have opened up a whole complex can of worms. Like many things, it's VERY complex. I will attempt to make it slightly less complex for everyone. Here is the full study: So what are we looking at with this study? Well they set out to look at what happens to mice when they are subjected to axonal nerve damage. The reason they did this is that they discovered a type of mouse referred to as Wallerian degenera

125 min

Literature years

2012–2015 r/Nootropics and r/DrugNerds: paper dumps, racetams, and MDMA pharmacology.

Comment · r/Drugs · Nov 8, 2012

Research Suggests no Neurotoxicity in MDMA

Keep body temperature down — the most-cited comment in the archive.

I'm going to copy what I wrote on another thread: YES! Keep your damn body temperatures down people! Very simply, MDMA induced neurotoxicity arises from oxidation of various substances in the brain. There is great debate of which substances are to blame. One theory is that a hepatic metabolite of MDMA, being uptaked into the serotonin axon, gets oxidized into damaging hydroxyl radicals. Another theory is that dopamin

5973 min

Post · r/DrugNerds · Dec 29, 2012

MDMA Supplementation

MDMA supplementation, end to end.

Ok, I did promise that I would make another post regarding supplementation to mitigate MDMA induced neurotoxicity. I have just been putting it off. Since my last post, I have gathered more information regarding my theory about MDA metabolism being the main cause of MDMA's neurotoxic effects. I will try to not get into that in this post, and keep this mostly about supplementation. As seems to be the norm with me, this

2057 min

Post · r/DrugNerds · Nov 22, 2012

MDMA Neurotoxicity Part 1 Metabolites)

MDMA neurotoxicity part 1, metabolites.

This is probably going to be the first in a series of discussions I start about MDMA. There's just too much information for one post. Therefore, I am going to start with one that is very interesting to me: MDMA's metabolites and their role in neurotoxicity. I pre-appologise for the length and terminology used. First off, let's discuss how MDMA is metabolized. The human cytochrome CYP450 is responsible for the metabol

1294 min

Post · r/Nootropics · Jan 17, 2013

Allometric Scaling of Doses Between Species

Allometric scaling, written for people who were about to dose a rodent paper.

I am making this post because I constantly see people making comments that certain substances were given in much higher doses to animals than would be normally ingested by humans. Sometimes that is the case, due to a study's goal of ensuring that certain toxicities can be observed. However, the dosages are NEVER directly related to humans. You cannot take a study that gave 100mg/kg of a substance to rats, then quote

171 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · Jan 29, 2013

Modafinil + Piracetam excitotoxicity?

Piracetam, NMDA, membrane fluidity — pushing back on ‘excitotoxicity’ folklore.

>All evidence points to them being perfectly safe and neuroprotective. That is what I said. I cannot find any evidence that it would exacerbate glutamate damage, and apparently neither can you. I can find evidence that they are neuroprotective to glutamate damage, though. So unless you can find any shred of evidence to bolster your case, you have none. Find me one study, just one single study to justify your stance.

72 min

Post · r/Drugs · Nov 22, 2012

MDMA Neurotoxicity Part 1 (Metabolites)

This is probably going to be the first in a series of discussions I start about MDMA. There's just too much information for one post. Therefore, I am going to start with one that is very interesting to me: MDMA's metabolites and their role in neurotoxicity. I pre-appologise for the length and terminology used. First off, let's discuss how MDMA is metabolized. The human cytochrome CYP450 is responsible for the metabol

774 min

Peptides & neurotrophins

Semax, Selank, P21, BPC-157, BDNF overexpression — the Ceretropic-era science threads.

Comment · r/Nootropics · Feb 25, 2016

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) overexpression in the forebrain results in learning and memory impairments.

BDNF overexpression can impair learning — the paper, not the slogan.

Full Study: [Brain-derived neurotrophic factor \(BDNF\) overexpression in the forebrain results in learning and memory impairments]( >What may be the cellular basis for such detrimental effect of BDNF overexpression on learning? In a recent publication it has been shown that the same BDNF line we used manifests anxiety-like behavior with a concomitant increase in spine density in the basolateral amygdala. In contrast

153 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · Jan 21, 2017

A clarification for everyone who is interested in BPC-157

BPC-157 beyond ‘healing peptide’ folklore.

While I get the point of the post, as BPC-157 is not traditionally used as an antidepressant, there is some research out there showing it might have some benefits that are not necessarily related to its healing effects. [The antidepressant effect of an antiulcer pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Porsolt’s test and chronic unpredictable stress in rats. A comparison with antidepressants]( >In these experiments, pentadecapept

145 min

Comment · r/StackAdvice · Dec 15, 2020

I am a final year medical student. Supplements I take. Feedback on my stack appreciated.

Unsubstantiated nonsense. [Piracetam affects membrane fluidity in the frontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the striatum. It also sensitizes NMDA receptors in the hippocampus]( [Piracetam's effects on the NMDA receptors.]( [Piracetam stimulates the metabolic glucose pathway.]( [Changes in the brain biogenic monoamines of rats, induced by piracetam and aniracetam.]( [Piracetam defines a new binding site for allosteric

72 min

Post · r/NootropicsDepot · Jun 19, 2020

🔬 Lab Update: Buchi Rotovapor, Buchi Lyovapor, and Buchi Flash Chromatograph/Prep HPLC 🔬

I figured I would give another quick lab update. We got a few new things in from Buchi that we will be using a lot over the course of the year. They actually arrived a little while back, but COVID-19 has put delays on installing and using them. I've spoken a few times on here about it, but I have always been frustrated by the lack of reference standards for certain things. There are so many cool plants out there with

556 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · Apr 11, 2013

Dietary EGCG and Choline

I'll copy what I wrote on another post so you can choose which ones to read. There are a few in there about pramiracetam. [Piracetam affects membrane fluidity in the frontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the striatum. It also sensitizes NMDA receptors in the hippocampus]( [Piracetam's effects on the NMDA receptors.]( [Piracetam stimulates the metabolic glucose pathway.]( [Changes in the brain biogenic monoamines of ra

32 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jan 27, 2026

ALCAR not recommended anymore!

Alright, I've read through this study, and there are some important things we need to discuss before everyone panics about TMAO and throws their ALCAR in the trash. The first is the TMAO causation problem. Let's be very clear about something, there are zero human interventional trials showing TMAO itself causes cardiovascular disease. Every single study linking TMAO to CVD is observational/correlational. Multiple Men

145 min

Extracts that actually exist

Erinacine-A, Shoden, polygala, lion’s mane mycelium vs fruiting body — chemotype over vibe.

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jul 28, 2023

⚠️ NEW PRODUCTS ALERT | Erinamax Lion's Mane Mycelium Tablets & Isoliquiritigenin Tablets⚠️

The lion’s mane studies used the same mycelium chemotype, confirmed with the authors.

That's false. Both studies are the exact same product as ours. They used non-extracted whole lion's mane mycelium standardized to 0.5% erinacine-A. We had conference calls with the authors of those studies to confirm, and we even shared some data back and forth. Yes, the dose was 1g and 2g. That's why we did 500mg tablets at 60ct. If you take two, that's 30 days at the 1g dose of the first study. Also, those are dise

136 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Sep 24, 2020

⚠️ NEW PRODUCT ALERT | Shoden Ashwagandha Extract Capsules | 120mg | Minimum 35% Withanolides ⚠️

Shoden, microencapsulation, and what ‘protect from stomach acid’ is not doing.

Yeah, we discussed that with them. We wanted to get normal Shoden up first, and see how people liked it, before we went down the microencapsulated route. However, my understanding of the microencapsulated version was for extended release functions, NOT protecting from stomach acid. I don't think withanolides are susceptible to stomach acid, actually. They are stable in gastric juices. The glycoside versions are, but

115 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Jan 28, 2026

Curious on y'alls thoughts on this. I spoke to a ayurveda person (ayurveda is where Ashwagandha and Bacopa come from) and he was like for thousands of years we put the herbs into food and ate it long-term and not made extracts out of it. Should we have skepticism over extracts with this logic maybe?

I am promoting modern *science*, not modern *medicine*. I agree that the pharmaceutical industry has largely failed everyone, and so have many doctors, to be honest. It's about profit over health most of the time. Even the doctors that are not in it for the money are part of a system that prioritizes seeing more patients in a short amount of time than they should be. That doesn't mean we write off modern science alto

54 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · Mar 29, 2019

Why doesn't Nootropics Depot and Real Mushrooms provide terpene % for lion's mane?

...Continued from above >HPLC with UV (DAD) detection is the conventional standard method in the quantitative analysis of various diterpene compounds. In many cases, diterpenes have no good UV detection, which results in relatively high limits of detection and quantitation. Sometimes there can be a real problem, especially when diterpenes occur in plant materials in very low concentrations (for example, taxanes, gink

76 min

Comment · r/Nootropics · May 5, 2016

New Vendor Launch! Thrivous.com

Thanks for getting back to me so quickly. I am going to address each point one by one. Again, I apologize if I come off a bit harsh. >In fact, the amount of information we're willing to share publicly has shocked some veterans of the dietary supplement industry. One commented to me that "very unusual" would be under-stating just how unusual Thrivous actually is. It's good you are being open. I have no doubt that you

107 min

Comment · r/NootropicsDepot · Apr 12, 2020

Question on this Product: Rhodiola Rosea Extract Powder | 60 Grams | 3% Salidroside

>I was going to buy the Crenulata version eventually, but I thought the Rosea was a better choice because it supported functions of the brain more (atleast I thought it did, or am I wrong, and Crenulata does that better?), which helping the brain was my first goal, then lifespan was second goal, and immunity was third goal? I know a lot of people don't care about the brain or things that help with memory or brain fun

24 min

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