Long term effects of Super Rhodiola ?

Here are some interesting studies that have been posted about the active ingredients in our Super Rhodiola.

Protective effects of salidroside on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells

Anti-fatigue effects of salidroside in mice

Neuroprotective Effects of Salidroside in the PC12 Cell Model Exposed to Hypoglycemia and Serum Limitation

Protective Role of Salidroside against Aging in A Mouse Model Induced by D-galactose

[Salidroside protects cardiomyocyte against hypoxia-induced death: A HIF-1α-activated and VEGF-mediated pathway
](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001429990900106X?np=y)

Salidroside stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against H₂O₂-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Salidroside attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension via adenosine A2a receptor related mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.

Neuroprotective effect of tyrosol on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats

Lycopene, quercetin and tyrosol prevent macrophage activation induced by gliadin and IFN-γ

Tyrosol, the Major Olive Oil Biophenol, Protects Against Oxidized-LDL-Induced Injury in Caco-2 Cells

Bioavailability of tyrosol, an antioxidant phenolic compound present in wine and olive oil, in humans.

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This is an absolutely fantastic and in-depth review of Rhodiola, it's active ingredients, and the effect each has on downstream mechanisms, like gene expression, immune function, cortisol modulation, and behavioral effects. It is probably one of the most comprehensive studies I have ever read.

Mechanism of action of Rhodiola, salidroside, tyrosol and triandrin in isolated neuroglial cells: An interactive pathway analysis of the downstream effects using RNA microarray data

the biological activity of the Rhodiola total extract differs from the activity of the purified compounds; however, some pharmacological features associated with these 112 inactive genes that are associated with the pure substances cannot be observed with the extract.

each purified compound exhibited its own pharmacological profile, which presents with similarities to and differences from the profile obtained after treatment with the total Rhodiola extract. In general, several compounds contribute to the specific cellular or/and physiological functions associated with various diseases. The results of this study support both the principles of pharmacognosy based on the “magic bullet” model and the concept of multi-targeted therapy. Both of these concepts are relevant depending on the application, which is to develop a new specific drug from a complex or to develop a drug with a novel MOA.

Based on the results obtained during this study, we can draw some additional conclusions. Rhodiola has a multi-targeted effect at the transcriptional level on cell response regulation, affecting various signaling pathways and molecular networks associated with beneficial effects on emotional behavior, particularly aggressive behavior, as well as psychological, neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, and gastrointestinal disorders.

I am still trying to parse through everything in this study, because there is seriously a ton of amazing info. However, they are confirming a lot of postulations I had when creating our Super Rhodiola; mainly that a combination of active ingredients gives unique effects to the whole plant extract, due to a lack of competitive mechanisms.

This is a good diagram illustrating the differing effects on gene expression of each component, and what they share with each other.

So I certainly plan to keep tweaking the mixture of active ingredients in our Super Rhodiola, to improve the overall balance of effects. I am really excited that researchers are starting to do in-depth studies on the active constituents of Rhodiola.